Advances in the Study of Macular Degeneration Addressing the Rising Global Burden of Vision Loss

Introduction
Macular degeneration, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss among adults over 50. It affects the macula - the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. With aging populations and lifestyle-related risk factors on the rise, the global prevalence of AMD is growing at an alarming rate.

While treatments such as anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections have transformed disease management, unmet needs remain, especially in dry AMD, where therapeutic options are limited. Increasing research in gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and sustained drug delivery platforms is creating opportunities for innovation. Over the next decade, the macular degeneration market is expected to expand significantly, driven by both rising patient numbers and advancements in treatment technologies.

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Market Overview
• The global macular degeneration market size in 2024 is estimated at USD 9.4 billion.
• It is projected to reach USD 17.2 billion by 2034, growing at a CAGR of 6.4 % during the forecast period.
• Growth is supported by increasing prevalence of AMD, growing demand for advanced biologics, and rising awareness about early diagnosis and treatment adherence.

Key Market Drivers:
• Rising aging population and lifestyle-related risk factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension).
• Strong adoption of anti-VEGF therapies for wet AMD.
• Expanding pipeline for dry AMD and geographic atrophy treatments.
• Increasing investment in ophthalmic research and development.

Key Challenges:
• High cost and treatment burden of current therapies (frequent injections).
• Limited therapeutic options for dry AMD.
• Lack of access to advanced care in developing regions.

Leading Players:
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Novartis AG, Roche/Genentech, Bayer AG, Bausch + Lomb, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Iveric Bio (Astellas Pharma), and Kodiak Sciences.

Segmentation Analysis
The macular degeneration market can be segmented as follows:
By Disease Type
• Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD)
• Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)
• Geographic Atrophy

By Drug Class
• Anti-VEGF Drugs (Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Brolucizumab, Faricimab)
• Complement Inhibitors
• Gene Therapy & Cell Therapy Candidates
• Others

By Route of Administration
• Intravitreal Injections
• Sustained-release Implants
• Oral & Other Routes (pipeline candidates)

By End-Use
• Hospitals
• Ophthalmic Clinics
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers

Summary:
Wet AMD treatments dominate the market due to the effectiveness of anti-VEGF drugs, but dry AMD and geographic atrophy therapies are the fastest-growing segments, as new complement inhibitors and gene therapies advance toward approval. Intravitreal injections remain standard, but sustained-release implants are emerging to reduce treatment burden.

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Regional Analysis
North America
• Largest market, accounting for nearly 40 % of global revenue in 2024.
• Strong presence of leading pharmaceutical companies and advanced healthcare infrastructure.
• High awareness and adoption of early screening and treatment.
Europe
• Germany, the UK, and France lead adoption with strong healthcare systems and widespread use of biologics.
• EMA approvals for newer complement inhibitors are expected to drive market expansion.
Asia-Pacific (APAC)
• Expected to record the fastest CAGR (~7.8 %) during 2024-2034.
• Aging populations in Japan, China, and India drive patient growth.
• Rising access to ophthalmic care and government-led awareness campaigns are fueling adoption.
Middle East & Africa (MEA)
• Limited adoption due to access challenges, though Gulf countries are investing in advanced ophthalmic services.
Latin America
• Brazil and Mexico dominate the region, with expanding adoption of biologics supported by government healthcare reforms.

Regional Summary:
North America and Europe dominate current revenues, but Asia-Pacific will account for the fastest incremental growth through 2034 as its aging population rapidly expands.

Market Dynamics
Growth Drivers
1. Increasing prevalence of AMD and associated risk factors.
2. Expanding use of anti-VEGF biologics with proven efficacy.
3. Strong R&D activity in dry AMD and geographic atrophy.
4. Growing awareness campaigns for eye health and screening.

Key Challenges
• Treatment burden due to frequent injections.
• Lack of effective therapies for early-stage dry AMD.
• High cost of biologics limiting access in low- and middle-income regions.

Latest Trends
• Dual-pathway inhibitors such as bispecific antibodies (e.g., Faricimab).
• Complement pathway inhibitors showing promise in dry AMD and geographic atrophy.
• Gene therapy trials exploring long-term solutions for both wet and dry AMD.
• Sustained-release delivery systems to reduce treatment frequency.
• Expanding role of AI in early detection and patient monitoring.

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Competitor Analysis
Major Players:
• Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (Eylea, high-dose Eylea HD)
• Novartis AG (Beovu)
• Roche/Genentech (Lucentis, Vabysmo)
• Bayer AG (co-marketer of Eylea)
• Bausch + Lomb
• Apellis Pharmaceuticals (Syfovre - complement inhibitor)
• Iveric Bio (Astellas Pharma, Izervay)
• Kodiak Sciences (pipeline candidates)

Competitive Summary:
The market is dominated by a few large pharmaceutical companies with blockbuster anti-VEGF drugs. However, competition is intensifying as newer entrants target the dry AMD and geographic atrophy segments, which remain underserved. Long-acting delivery technologies and gene therapies are set to reshape the competitive landscape over the next decade.

Conclusion
The macular degeneration market is projected to grow from USD 9.4 billion in 2024 to USD 17.2 billion by 2034, at a CAGR of 6.4 %.

This report is also available in the following languages : Japanese (黄斑変性市場), Korean (황반변성 시장), Chinese (黄斑变性市场), French (Marché de la dégénérescence maculaire), German (Markt für Makuladegeneration), and Italian (Mercato della degenerazione maculare), etc.

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