Butadiene Extraction Market Projected to Gain Significant Value by 2021

Butadiene is a colorless, non-corrosive gas with mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor. Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene and is a flammable gas. Butadiene vapor pressure is 2100 mmHg at 25 °C and the explosive limits are 2-11.5%. Butadiene is slightly soluble in water (735 mg/liter) and is soluble in a number of organic solvents such as diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, acetone and polar and nonpolar organic solvents. The butadiene can be extracted from C4 hydrocarbons, dehydrogenation of n-butane, ethanol and butenes.

The butadiene can be extracted from crude C4, a product from the steam cracker. A hydrocarbon used as feed in the production of butadiene determines the quantity of butadiene. Light feeds, such as ethane produce ethylene when cracked. On the other hand, heavier feeds produced the heavier olefins, butadiene, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Butadiene can also be extracted by the catalytic dehydrogenation of normal butane (n-butane). Butadiene from n-butane is commercially produced using the Houdry catadiene process, which was developed during World War II. Butadiene is also produced from ethanol.

Smaller-capacity plants use ethanol for the production of butadiene due to the lower capital cost associated with it in comparison to others. 1,3-Butadiene can also be produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of normal butenes. This method was also used by the United States Synthetic Rubber Program (USSRP) during World War II. The process was much more economical than the alcohol route but competed with aviation gasoline for available butene molecules. The USSRP constructed several plants in Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Los Angeles; Houston, Baytown, and Port Neches, Texas; and Torrance, California. Butadiene is a raw material that can be used to produce synthetic rubber. The tire industry is one of the main consumers of butadiene. Other applications for butadiene include plastics production and paper chemicals.

In the recent years, the most significant butadiene consuming regions of the world are North America, West Europe, and Northeast Asia. Countries such as China has been witnessing a rapid growth of tire and rubber goods production, both for domestic consumption and export, is causing rapid growth in demand for synthetic rubber, indirectly boost the demand for butadiene market. The location of existing and future butadiene extraction capacity will be critical to meet demand growth into the synthetic rubber (polybutadiene & styrene-butadiene), nylon (via adiponitrile), and ABS (acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene) markets.

In North America, butadiene extraction capacity is expected to operate below maximum rates, restricted by the limitations of reasonable feedstock and local demand. In Northeast Asia, expansion of existing butadiene extraction capacity beyond what has currently been announced is needed to maintain reasonable extraction operating rates and secure the supply chain of the rapidly expanding butadiene derivative markets. In West Europe, butadiene extraction units will be required to run at high rates to supply slowly growing domestic demand and take advantage of high netback export sales where possible.

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Some of the major companies operating in the global butadiene extraction market are BASF SE, Qatar Petroleum, Reliance Industries Limited, ZEON CORPORATION, TPC Group Inc., Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Evonik Industries AG and Royal Dutch Shell.

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